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Computer networks are very complex and somewhat unpredictable systems in dynamic operations. Cybernetic modelling, incorporating stochastic, fuzzy variables, wherever appropriate, approximating interactions not easily tractable via a black‐box systems approach, may be more accurate. A method of analysis of computer networks is considered by representing subsystems and interactions, accurately as far as possible, and then utilising the results of systems sciences for analysis, including specifics, e.g. queuing systems. The aim is to identify correspondences between the behaviour of subsystems of networks and suitable analytic tools. Automation along such lines for the analysis and design of networks and other systems may be a possibility.

It is analytically difficult to derive the probability distribution function of waiting (or delay) time at the second or third queue in series of tandem queues. This paper presents a method by which approximation is done through a quasi‐isomorphic system which resembles the second queue in respect of one output, viz delay time. Through extensive simulation experiments these isomorphs have been derived. The procedure of getting a simple system to represent a part of a complex system is practised in cybernetics; this approach appears to have potentiality in studying intractable problems in communications and industrial management.

The paper presents modelling techniques for various situations in management decision problems, when a problem is considered as a cybernetic system. The following aspects of modelling have been discussed: (i) identification of isomorphic systems (particularly restricted isomorphic systems), (ii) cybernetic stochastic systems with applications in queueing and storage problems, (iii) forecasting problems, (iv) marketing problems, and (v) problems in planning and economic dynamics. Some examples are given.

A Cognitive Revolution in Management (CRM) has been brought about through Stafford Beer's work in management cybernetics. Explains the philosophical undertone of CRM as well as cybernetic features associated with it. The work on varietal aspects of management systems by Ansoff has also contributed to CRM, which needs to be backed by a cognitive information system, and a Cybernetic Theory of Management.

One aspect of American inadequacy in developing new international markets is the weakness in American personal communication with other cultures. If we cannot communicate effectively with persons from other cultures, we will forever be at a disadvantage in trading with them.

Presents the essentials of heuristic economics. Problems of planning and development, which are complex, ill‐structured and subject to uncertainty, often defy algorithmic mathematical/statistical solutions; hence there is scope for developing a heuristic approach.

Discusses a class of integral equations known as the famous Wiener‐Hopf equation which has interesting practical applications in stochastic systems like queues, network queues or water reservoir systems.

The second order cybernetics rests on the promise that the system definition includes the observer/researcher as a key element. While the first order cybernetics is mainly directed towards problems of control and homeostasis relating to physical and engineering systems, the second order cybernetics (SOC) also considers problems of growth and morphogenesis in biological, economic and social systems. This paper gives an exposition of SOC and its applications.

Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen developed the concept of endowment‐entitlement mapping in his studies on famine, poverty and deprivation in various regions of the world. Such a map can be interpreted as an input‐output relationship with feedback and feedforward channels in complex structures. There is also scope for applying such mapping in various facets of development economics.